20 results
Unpacking the impact of integrating the neglected tropical disease supply chain into the national supply chain system: illustrative evidence from Liberia
- Karsor K. Kollie, Jack Jenkins, Sally Theobald, Gartee Nallo, Otis Kpadeh, Lent Jones, Darwosu Borbor, Maneesh Phillip, Anna Wickenden, Jewel Tarpeh Kollie, Emerson Rogers, Zeela Zaizay, Martyn Stewart, Laura Dean
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 150 / Issue 11 / September 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 October 2023, pp. 1052-1062
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Effective supply chain management is a critical pillar of well-functioning health systems ensuring that medical commodities reach those in need. In Liberia, the national neglected tropical disease (NTD) programme supports health systems strengthening for case management of NTDs. Integration of NTD commodities into the national health system supply chain is central to the integrated approach; however, there is minimal evidence on enablers and barriers. Drawing on qualitative evaluation data, we illustrate that perceived benefits and strengths to integrating NTD commodities into the supply chain include leveraged storage and management capacities capitalized at lower system levels; the political will to integrate based on cost-saving and capacity strengthening potential and positive progress integrating paper-based reporting tools. Challenges remain, specifically the risk of reliance on donor funding; difficulty in accessing commodities due to bureaucratic bottlenecks; lack of inclusion of NTD commodities within electronic data tools and poor coordination leading to an inability to meet demand. Collectively, the negative consequences of ineffective integration of NTD commodities into the supply chain has a detrimental impact on health workers (including community health workers) unable to deliver the quality of care to patients. Trust between affected populations and the health system is compromised when treatments are unavailable.
Instability and transition onset downstream of a laminar separation bubble at Mach 6
- Elizabeth K. Benitez, Matthew P. Borg, Anton Scholten, Pedro Paredes, Zachary McDaniel, Joseph S. Jewell
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 969 / 25 August 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 August 2023, A11
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Instability measurements of an axisymmetric, laminar separation bubble were made over a sharp cone-cylinder-flare with a $12^{\circ }$ flare angle under hypersonic quiet flow. Two distinct instabilities were identified: Mack's second mode (which peaked between 190 and 290 kHz) and the shear-layer instability in the same frequency band as Mack's first mode (observed between 50 and 150 kHz). Both instabilities were measured with surface pressure sensors and were captured with high-speed schlieren. Linear stability analysis results agreed well with these measured instabilities in terms of both peak frequencies and amplification rates. Lower-frequency fluctuations were also noted in the schlieren data. Bicoherence analysis revealed nonlinear phase-locking between the shear-layer and second-mode instabilities. For the first time in axisymmetric, low-disturbance flow, naturally generated intermittent turbulent spots were observed in the reattached boundary layer. These spots appeared to evolve from shear-layer-instability wave packets convecting downstream. This work presents novel experimental evidence of the hypersonic shear-layer instability contributing directly to transition onset for an axisymmetric model.
Improving the composition and marketing of commercial baby foods: a Nutrient Profile Model
- J.E. Cade, J. Hutchinson, H. Rippin, D. Threapleton, A. Morpeth, J. Jewell, K. Wickramasinghe, J. Breda
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 80 / Issue OCE1 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 April 2021, E28
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Inequalities in education and national income are associated with poorer diet in Europe: pooled analysis across 12 countries
- H. L. Rippin, J. Hutchinson, D. C. Greenwood, J. Jewell, J.J. Breda, A. Martin, D. M. Rippin, K. Schindler, P. Rust, S. Fagt, J. Matthiessen, E. Nurk, K. Nelis, M. Kukk, H. Tapanainen, L. Valsta, T. Heuer, E. Sarkadi-Nagy, M. Bakacs, S. Tazhibayev, T. Sharmanov, I. Spiroski, M. Beukers, C. van Rossum, M. Ocke, A. K. Lindroos, Eva Warensjö Lemming, J. E. Cade
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 80 / Issue OCE1 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 April 2021, E16
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Implementation of the Navajo fruit and vegetable prescription programme to improve access to healthy foods in a rural food desert
- Michael A Sundberg, Abigail C Warren, Joan VanWassenhove-Paetzold, Carmen George, Danya S Carroll, Leandra Jewel Becenti, Akeemi Martinez, Burrell Jones, Karen Bachman-Carter, Mae-Gilene Begay, Taylor Wilmot, Henrietta Sandoval-Soland, Onagh MacKenzie, Lindsey Hamilton, Memarie Tsosie, Caitlyn K Bradburn, Emilie Ellis, Jamy Malone, Julia Pon, Ashley Fitch, Sara M Selig, Gail Gall, Sonya S Shin
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 12 / August 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 May 2020, pp. 2199-2210
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Objective:
To utilise a community-based participatory approach in the design and implementation of an intervention targeting diet-related health problems on Navajo Nation.
Design:A dual strategy approach of community needs/assets assessment and engagement of cross-sectorial partners in programme design with systematic cyclical feedback for programme modifications.
Setting:Navajo Nation, USA.
Participants:Navajo families with individuals meeting criteria for programme enrolment. Participant enrolment increased with iterative cycles.
Results:The Navajo Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Programme.
Conclusions:A broad, community-driven and culturally relevant programme design has resulted in a programme able to maintain core programmatic principles, while also allowing for flexible adaptation to changing needs.
Stimulation parameters differ between current anti-modiolar and peri-modiolar electrode arrays implanted within the same child
- M J Polonenko, S L Cushing, K A Gordon, B Allemang, S Jewell, B C Papsin
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 130 / Issue 11 / November 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 October 2016, pp. 1007-1021
- Print publication:
- November 2016
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Objective:
To compare stimulation parameters of peri-modiolar and anti-modiolar electrode arrays using two surgical approaches.
Methods:Impedance, stimulation thresholds, comfortably loud current levels, electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds and electrically evoked stapedial reflex thresholds were compared between 2 arrays implanted in the same child at 5 time points: surgery, activation/day 1, week 1, and months 1 and 3. The peri-modiolar array was implanted via cochleostomy in all children (n = 64), while the anti-modiolar array was inserted via a cochleostomy in 43 children and via the round window in 21 children.
Results:The anti-modiolar array had significantly lower impedance, but required higher current levels to elicit thresholds, comfort, electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds and electrically evoked stapedial reflex thresholds than the peri-modiolar array across all time points, particularly in basal electrodes (p < 0.05). The prevalence of open electrodes was similar in anti-modiolar (n = 5) and peri-modiolar (n = 3) arrays.
Conclusion:Significant but clinically acceptable differences in stimulation parameters between peri-modiolar and anti-modiolar arrays persisted four months after surgery in children using bilateral cochlear implants. The surgical approach used to insert the anti-modiolar array had no overall effect on outcomes.
Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders
- R. C. Kessler, J. R. Calabrese, P. A. Farley, M. J. Gruber, M. A. Jewell, W. Katon, P. E. Keck, Jr., A. A. Nierenberg, N. A. Sampson, M. K. Shear, A. C. Shillington, M. B. Stein, M. E. Thase, H.-U. Wittchen
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 43 / Issue 8 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 October 2012, pp. 1625-1637
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Background
Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.
MethodExpert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.
ResultsStepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ21 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.
ConclusionsCIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.
A Genome Scan for Eye Color in 502 Twin Families: Most Variation is due to a QTL on Chromosome 15q
- Gu Zhu, David M. Evans, David L. Duffy, Grant W. Montgomery, Sarah E. Medland, Nathan A. Gillespie, Kelly R. Ewen, Mary Jewell, Yew Wah Liew, Nicholas K. Hayward, Richard A. Sturm, Jeffrey M. Trent, Nicholas G. Martin
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- Journal:
- Twin Research / Volume 7 / Issue 2 / 01 April 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 197-210
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We have rated eye color on a 3-point scale (1 = blue/grey, 2 = hazel/green, 3 = brown) in 502 twin families and carried out a 5–10 cM genome scan (400–757 markers). We analyzed eye color as a threshold trait and performed multipoint sib pair linkage analysis using variance components analysis in Mx. A lod of 19.2 was found at the marker D15S1002, less than 1 cM from OCA2, which has been previously implicated in eye color variation. We estimate that 74% of variance in eye color liability is due to this QTL and a further 18% due to polygenic effects. However, a large shoulder on this peak suggests that other loci affecting eye color may be telomeric of OCA2 and inflating the QTL estimate. No other peaks reached genome-wide significance, although lods > 2 were seen on 5p and 14q and lods >1 were additionally seen on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 17 and 18. Most of these secondary peaks were reduced or eliminated when we repeated the scan as a two locus analysis with the 15q linkage included, although this does not necessarily exclude them as false positives. We also estimated the interaction between the 15q QTL and the other marker locus but there was only minor evidence for additive [.dotmath] additive epistasis. Elaborating the analysis to the full two-locus model including non-additive main effects and interactions did not strengthen the evidence for epistasis. We conclude that most variation in eye color in Europeans is due to polymorphism in OCA2 but that there may be modifiers at several other loci.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Pork tenderness: analysis of a promoter regulating calpastatin expression
- P L Sensky, K K Jewell, C Howells, K J P Ryan, T Parr, R G Bardsley, P J Buttery
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science / Volume 2006 / March 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 November 2017, p. 21
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- March 2006
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Unpredictable variations in meat toughness in the British pig herd remain a concern to the meat industry. Whilst genetics is clearly important, 50% of this variability can be accredited to environmental factors, such as stress. At slaughter the levels of calpastatin (encoded by the CAST gene), a specific inhibitor protein that regulates the calpain proteinases largely responsible for postmortem tenderization, are strongly related to meat toughness. Down-regulation of CAST expression in the days before slaughter therefore provide a practical opportunity to reduce toughness. There are at least three CAST gene promoters (1xa, 1xb and 1u) containing transcription factor motifs sensitive to β-adrenergic stimulation, which can be induced by physiological stress (Parr et al., 2004). The 1u promoter is the predominant form in porcine muscle and the resulting CAST mRNA transcripts are increased in animals treated with the β-agonist clenbuterol (Sensky et al., 2004) or in cells treated with the analogue dibutyryl cAMP (db cAMP) (Sensky et al., 2005). In this study, the functionality of the 1u promoter is further dissected by truncation studies and mutation of potential cAMP responsive elements (CRE).
Calpastatin gene promoter activity associated with growth promoter pathways in pigs
- P. L. Sensky, K. K. Jewell, K. J. P. Ryan, T. Parr, R. G. Bardsley, P. J. Buttery
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science / Volume 2005 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 November 2017, p. 61
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- 2005
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β-agonists are known to enhance muscle growth in livestock species, although sometimes at the expense of increased meat toughness. In pigs, administration of porcine somatotropin (pST) produces muscle hypertrophy without detrimental effects on toughness. Calpastatin, a specific inhibitor that regulates the calpain proteinases responsible for cleavage of myofibrillar proteins, has a key role in growth and the rate at which meat tenderises postmortem. In the porcine calpastatin gene there are at least three calpastatin promoters (upstream of exons 1xa, 1xb and 1u respectively), of which 1u is used predominantly in skeletal muscle. All three promoters contain transcription factor binding motifs suggesting sensitivity to β-agonist/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and IGF-1/Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated signalling pathways (Parr et al., 2004). It was previously shown that expression of calpastatin mRNA from all three promoters can be increased in pigs treated with clenbuterol and suppressed in pST-treated animals (Sensky et al., 2004), suggesting differential regulation by the two pathways. In this study, the effect of manipulating these pathways is evaluated in vitro in order to determine if there is a specific element within the porcine 1u promoter that is responsive to both pathways, using rat muscle cells transfected with a series of 5’-deleted porcine 1u promoter constructs and treated with cAMP analogues and the calcium ionophore calcimycin.
Growth promoter action and calpastatin mRNA expression in porcine skeletal muscle
- P. L. Sensky, K. K. Jewell, K. J. P. Ryan, T. Parr, R. G. Bardsley, P. J. Buttery
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science / Volume 2004 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 November 2017, p. 95
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- 2004
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Studies on growth promoter action can give an insight into the mechanisms of growth control. Calpain genes encode a family of proteins responsible for calcium-dependent proteolytic activity in mammalian cells. The ubiquitous enzymes µ- and m-calpain are activated in vitro by µM and mM calcium ion concentration, respectively. Both these calpain isoforms have been implicated in myofibrillar protein turnover and are regulated by calpastatin, a highly specific inhibitor protein. Overexpression of calpastatin has been strongly associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy and meat toughness in livestock; a plausible mechanism has been that inhibition of calpain reduces myofibrillar protein degradation while protein synthesis continues unchanged in vivo, whilst inhibition of calpain post mortem prevents proteolytic cleavage of myofibrillar proteins. In pigs there are at least three calpastatin promoters (1xa, 1xb, 1u) with transcription factor binding motifs potentially responsive to β-agonist and IGF-1/calcineurin–mediated signalling pathways (Parr et al., 2001). The objective of the current study is to compare the expression patterns of different calpastatin mRNA transcripts in pigs treated with two different classes of growth promoters: clenbuterol treatment for 24 h and porcine somatotropin (pST) for 7 d.
Response to Atkinson, du Toit, Radcliffe, Dooley and Kock
- Sky K. Alibhai, Zoë C. Jewell
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- Journal:
- Journal of Zoology / Volume 258 / Issue 3 / November 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 October 2002, pp. 277-280
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- November 2002
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We appreciate the concerns of Atkinson et al. regarding our paper (Alibhai, Jewell & Towindo, 2001), and will try to give reassurance that these are unfounded.
With regard to the drugs used, Atkinson et al. are incorrect in stating that all the agents used in combination with M99 were alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. Azaperone is a butyrophenone neuroleptic sedative (Hall, Clarke & Trim, 2001). Whether ACP or another sedative agent was used in combination with etorphine hydrochloride, the risks we have discussed remain valid since the most potent and potentially dangerous is the opioid etorphine, which is used for wildlife immobilization in a high dose to produce an anaesthetic rather than analgesic effect (Branson, Gross & Booth, 1995). The stresses involved in the capture circumstances are very likely to carry a further risk for the pregnant rhino.
Variation in the CTLA4/CD28 gene region confers an increased risk of coeliac disease
- S. POPAT, N. HEARLE, L. HOGBERG, C. P. BRAEGGER, D. O'DONOGHUE, K. FALTH-MAGNUSSON, G. K. T. HOLMES, P. D. HOWDLE, H. JENKINS, S. JOHNSTON, N. P. KENNEDY, P. J. KUMAR, R. F. A. LOGAN, M. N. MARSH, C. J. MULDER, A. TORINSSON NALUAI, K. SJOBERG, L. STENHAMMAR, J. R. F. WALTERS, D. P. JEWELL, R. S. HOULSTON
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- Journal:
- Annals of Human Genetics / Volume 66 / Issue 2 / March 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 July 2002, pp. 125-137
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- March 2002
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Susceptibility to coeliac disease involves HLA and non-HLA-linked genes. The CTLA4/CD28 gene region encodes immune regulatory T-cell surface molecules and is a strong candidate as a susceptibility locus. We evaluated CTLA4/CD28 in coeliac disease by genetic linkage and association and combined our findings with published studies through a meta-analysis. 116 multiplex families were genotyped across CTLA4/CD28 using eight markers. The contribution of CTLA4/CD28 to coeliac disease was assessed by non-parametric linkage and association analyses. Seven studies were identified that had evaluated the relationship between CTLA4/CD28 and coeliac disease and a pooled analysis of data undertaken. In our study there was evidence for a relationship between variation in the CTLA4/CD28 region and coeliac disease by linkage and association analyses. However, the findings did not attain formal statistical significance (p = 0·004 and 0·039, respectively). Pooling findings with published results showed significant evidence for linkage (504 families) and association (940 families): p values, 0·0001 and 0·0014 at D2S2214, respectively, and 0·0008 and 0·0006 at D2S116, respectively. These findings suggest that variation in the CD28/CTLA4 gene region is a determinant of coeliac disease susceptibility. Dissecting the sequence variation underlying this relationship will depend on further analyses utilising denser sets of markers.
Hot under the collar: the failure of radio-collars on black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis
- Sky K. Alibhai, Zoë C. Jewell
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Radio-collaring is widely used as a monitoring tool in the conservation of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis. We examined rates and causes of radio-transmitter collar failure on black rhino in the Sinamatella Intensive Protection Zone (IPZ), Zimbabwe, between September 1993 and February 2000. Two collar designs, hose and strap, were fitted on immobilized rhinos in four main collaring operations. Eighty nine collars were monitored: 28 hose and 61 strap. Within 12 months of placement, all hose collars had failed. Of the strap collars, 73 per cent of those on males and 44 per cent on females had failed within 12 months. Failure rates were significantly higher in males for both collar types. For strap collars older males had higher failure rates than younger males. There was some evidence of a higher failure rate of strap collars during the wet season. Thirteen per cent of strap and 4 per cent of hose collars were removed because of poor transmission; 15 per cent of strap collars were removed because of injury. The implications of collar failure rates and the use of radio-collaring as a routine protection and /or monitoring strategy are discussed.
Reply to Raoul du Toit
- Sky K. Alibhai, Zoë C. Jewell
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Censusing and monitoring black rhino (Diceros bicornis) using an objective spoor (footprint) identification technique
- Zoë C. Jewell, Sky K. Alibhai, Peter R. Law
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- Journal:
- Journal of Zoology / Volume 254 / Issue 1 / May 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 May 2001, pp. 1-16
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- May 2001
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An objective, non-invasive technique was developed for identifying individual black rhino from their footprints (spoor). Digital images were taken of left hind spoor from tracks (spoor pathways) of 15 known black rhino in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Thirteen landmark points were manually placed on the spoor image and from them, using customized software, a total of 77 measurements (lengths and angles) were generated. These were subjected to discriminant and canonical analyses. Discriminant analysis of spoor measurements from all 15 known animals, employing the 30 measurements with the highest F-ratio values, gave very close agreement between assigned and predicted classification of spoor. For individual spoor, the accuracy of being assigned to the correct group varied from 87% to 95%. For individual tracks, the accuracy level was 88%. Canonical analyses were based on the centroid plot method, which does not require pre-assigned grouping of spoor or tracks. The first two canonical variables were used to generate a centroid plot with 95% confidence ellipses in the test space. The presence or absence of overlap between the ellipses of track pairs allowed the classification of the tracks. Using a new ‘reference centroid value’ technique, the level of accuracy was high (94%) when individual tracks were compared against whole sets (total number of spoor for each rhino) but low (35%) when tracks were compared against each other. Since tracks with fewer spoor were more likely to be misclassified, track sizes were then artificially increased by summing smaller tracks for the same rhino. The modified tracks in a pairwise comparison gave an accuracy of 93%. The advantages, limitations and practical applications of the spoor identification technique are discussed in relation to censusing and monitoring black rhino populations.
Effects of immobilization on fertility in female black rhino (Diceros bicornis)
- Sky K. Alibhai, Zoë C. Jewell, Stewart S. Towindo
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- Journal:
- Journal of Zoology / Volume 253 / Issue 3 / March 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 February 2001, pp. 333-345
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- March 2001
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Forty-six female black rhino were immobilized 113 times in the Sinamatella Intensive Protection Zone, Zimbabwe, from August 1992 to October 1997. The effects of immobilization on inter-calving interval (ICI), calving rate (calves/female/year), conception and calves born/year were assessed. The mean ICI (n = 17) was 40.24 ± 4.96 months. There was a significant linear relationship between the number and interval of immobilizations in the preconception interval (PCI) and duration of ICI; further investigations were made to overcome possible effects of temporal autocorrelation. Both a non-linear model and a general linear model (with five independent effects) showed a significant relationship only between the ICI and mean immobilization interval in the pre-conception interval (PCI), but not the mean immobilization interval in the whole ICI (including gestation immobilizations). Both suggested that the relationship between immobilization and inter-calving interval was not the result of temporal autocorrelation and that the immobilization regime significantly affected the ICI. Using the calving rate as a response variable, five effects were tested in a general linear model. Only the immobilization rate in the PCI was significant. For conceptions per calendar month, we examined two effects in a general linear model: the number of mature females immobilized each month, and rainfall in the month of conception plus 2 previous months. Both effects were significant. For the number of calves born/year, the effect of the immobilization regime (the number of mature females immobilized/year) and rainfall were examined. Only immobilization was significant. We suggest that the unusually intensive immobilization regime undertaken at Sinamatella has negatively impacted on female fertility, and discuss possible mechanisms. We also suggest the need to adopt guidelines to minimize the impact of immobilization on fertility in female black rhino.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: MLA Members Speak
- April Alliston, Elizabeth Ammons, Jean Arnold, Nina Baym, Sandra L. Beckett, Peter G. Beidler, Roger A. Berger, Sandra Bermann, J.J. Wilson, Troy Boone, Alison Booth, Wayne C. Booth, James Phelan, Marie Borroff, Ihab Hassan, Ulrich Weisstein, Zack Bowen, Jill Campbell, Dan Campion, Jay Caplan, Maurice Charney, Beverly Lyon Clark, Robert A. Colby, Thomas C. Coleman III, Nicole Cooley, Richard Dellamora, Morris Dickstein, Terrell Dixon, Emory Elliott, Caryl Emerson, Ann W. Engar, Lars Engle, Kai Hammermeister, N. N. Feltes, Mary Anne Ferguson, Annie Finch, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Jerry Aline Flieger, Norman Friedman, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Sandra M. Gilbert, Laurie Grobman, George Guida, Liselotte Gumpel, R. K. Gupta, Florence Howe, Cathy L. Jrade, Richard A. Kaye, Calhoun Winton, Murray Krieger, Robert Langbaum, Richard A. Lanham, Marilee Lindemann, Paul Michael Lützeler, Thomas J. Lynn, Juliet Flower MacCannell, Michelle A. Massé, Irving Massey, Georges May, Christian W. Hallstein, Gita May, Lucy McDiarmid, Ellen Messer-Davidow, Koritha Mitchell, Robin Smiles, Kenyatta Albeny, George Monteiro, Joel Myerson, Alan Nadel, Ashton Nichols, Jeffrey Nishimura, Neal Oxenhandler, David Palumbo-Liu, Vincent P. Pecora, David Porter, Nancy Potter, Ronald C. Rosbottom, Elias L. Rivers, Gerhard F. Strasser, J. L. Styan, Marianna De Marco Torgovnick, Gary Totten, David van Leer, Asha Varadharajan, Orrin N. C. Wang, Sharon Willis, Louise E. Wright, Donald A. Yates, Takayuki Yokota-Murakami, Richard E. Zeikowitz, Angelika Bammer, Dale Bauer, Karl Beckson, Betsy A. Bowen, Stacey Donohue, Sheila Emerson, Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Jay L. Halio, Karl Kroeber, Terence Hawkes, William B. Hunter, Mary Jambus, Willard F. King, Nancy K. Miller, Jody Norton, Ann Pellegrini, S. P. Rosenbaum, Lorie Roth, Robert Scholes, Joanne Shattock, Rosemary T. VanArsdel, Alfred Bendixen, Alarma Kathleen Brown, Michael J. Kiskis, Debra A. Castillo, Rey Chow, John F. Crossen, Robert F. Fleissner, Regenia Gagnier, Nicholas Howe, M. Thomas Inge, Frank Mehring, Hyungji Park, Jahan Ramazani, Kenneth M. Roemer, Deborah D. Rogers, A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, Regina M. Schwartz, John T. Shawcross, Brenda R. Silver, Andrew von Hendy, Virginia Wright Wexman, Britta Zangen, A. Owen Aldridge, Paula R. Backscheider, Roland Bartel, E. M. Forster, Milton Birnbaum, Jonathan Bishop, Crystal Downing, Frank H. Ellis, Roberto Forns-Broggi, James R. Giles, Mary E. Giles, Susan Blair Green, Madelyn Gutwirth, Constance B. Hieatt, Titi Adepitan, Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., Emanuel Mussman, Sally Todd Nelson, Robert O. Preyer, David Diego Rodriguez, Guy Stern, James Thorpe, Robert J. Wilson, Rebecca S. Beal, Joyce Simutis, Betsy Bowden, Sara Cooper, Wheeler Winston Dixon, Tarek el Ariss, Richard Jewell, John W. Kronik, Wendy Martin, Stuart Y. McDougal, Hugo Méndez-Ramírez, Ivy Schweitzer, Armand E. Singer, G. Thomas Tanselle, Tom Bishop, Mary Ann Caws, Marcel Gutwirth, Christophe Ippolito, Lawrence D. Kritzman, James Longenbach, Tim McCracken, Wolfe S. Molitor, Diane Quantic, Gregory Rabassa, Ellen M. Tsagaris, Anthony C. Yu, Betty Jean Craige, Wendell V. Harris, J. Hillis Miller, Jesse G. Swan, Helene Zimmer-Loew, Peter Berek, James Chandler, Hanna K. Charney, Philip Cohen, Judith Fetterley, Herbert Lindenberger, Julia Reinhard Lupton, Maximillian E. Novak, Richard Ohmann, Marjorie Perloff, Mark Reynolds, James Sledd, Harriet Turner, Marie Umeh, Flavia Aloya, Regina Barreca, Konrad Bieber, Ellis Hanson, William J. Hyde, Holly A. Laird, David Leverenz, Allen Michie, J. Wesley Miller, Marvin Rosenberg, Daniel R. Schwarz, Elizabeth Welt Trahan, Jean Fagan Yellin
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- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 115 / Issue 7 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 1986-2078
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- December 2000
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Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Mbe Growth and Optical Information Processing Applications
- J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, A. Scherer, C. J. Chang-Hasnain, A. C. Von Lehmen, W. K. Chan, E. M. Clausen, Jr, M. Orenstein, J. L Jewell
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 228 / 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 177
- Print publication:
- 1991
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The basic issues involved in the growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are discussed. Successful VCSEL optical information processing applications demonstrated to date are discussed, including two-dimensional arrays, holographic memory retrieval, optical addressing, wavelength division multiplexing, and tunable VCSEL operation.